![]() When an oil spill or leak occurs on soil, physical, chemical, and biological processes alter the composition, toxicity, and distribution of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) within the soil ecosystem, known as weathering processes ( Brassington et al., 2007 Ayoubi et al., 2020 Ayoubi et al., 2021). Soil is a porous material and a highly reactive adsorbent. Highly sophisticated and varied mixtures of hydrocarbons form the majority of the components in petroleum products ( Irwin et al., 1998 Weisman, 1998). ![]() This study also reviewed the non-destructive FTIR spectroscopy analysis coupling with handheld FTIR for in-field PH contaminated site characterisation, including determining the concentration of total PH, dominant PH fractions and soil key properties for PH transport modelling. Furthermore, handheld/portable Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) instrument provides tremendous opportunities for in-field PH contaminated site assessment. ![]() It is a tendency to apply in situ methods for PH contaminated site characterisation. This study overviews the current ex/in situ techniques for measuring the listed key factors for PH contaminated site assessments. These key factors can be measured either ex-situ using conventional laboratory methods, or in situ using portable or handheld instruments. The key factors include: 1) the characteristics of PHs, such as volatility and viscosity and 2) soil properties, such as porosity, hydraulic properties and water status, and organic matter and 3) atmospheric circumstances, such as humidity and temperature. In this study, the key factors influencing the interactions between PHs and soil media are discussed. ![]() Once petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) are released into the soil, the interaction between PHs and soil media is dependent not only upon the soil properties but also on the characteristics of PHs. 3The Department of Defence, Canberra, ATC, Australia.2CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.1Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.Liang Wang 1,2*, Ying Cheng 1,2, Ravi Naidu 1,2 and Mark Bowman 3 ![]()
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